Syllabus
Aptitude Test in Architecture
Biology (Botany & Zoology)
Chemistry
Physics
Aptitude Test in Architecture
- Part I Awareness of persons, places, buildings etc. of Architectural importance.
Visualizing three dimensional objects from two dimensional drawings. Visualizing
different sides of three dimensional objects. Identifying commonly used materials
and objects based on their textural qualities and colour. Analytical reasoning Mental
ability.
- Part II Three dimensional perception. Understanding and appreciation of scale and
proportion of objects, building forms and elements, colour texture, harmony and
contrast.
- Design and drawing of geometrical or abstract shapes and patterns in pencil. Transformation
of forms both 2D and 3D - union, subtraction, rotation, development of surfaces
and volumes; Generation of plan, elevations and 3D views of objects. Creating two
dimensional and three dimensional compositions using given shapes and forms.
- Sketching of scenes and activities from memory of urban-scape (public space, market,
festivals, street scenes, monuments, recreational spaces etc.), landscape (river
fronts, jungles, gardens, trees, plants etc.) and rural life.
Biology (Botany & Zoology)
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Unit 1: The Living World
- Nature and scope of Biology, Methods of Biology. Our place in the universe. Laws
that govern the universe and life levels of organization. Causes and effect relationship.
- Being alive—what it means? Present approach to understand life processes—molecular
approach; life as an expression of energy; steady state and homeostasis; self duplication
and survival, adaptation; death as a positive part of life.
- Origin of life and its maintenance. Origin and diversity of life. Physical and chemcial
principles that maintain life process, the living crust and interdependence. The
positive and negative aspects of progress in biological sciences. The future of
the living world, identification of human responsibility in shaping our future.
Unit 2: Unity of Life
Cell as unit of life. Small biomolecules; water, minerals, mono-and oligosaccharides,
lipids, amino acids, nucleotides and their chemistry, cellular location and function.
Macromolecules in cells their chemistry, cellular location and functional significance.
Polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids. Enzymes; chemical nature, classification,
mechanism in action-enzyme complex, allosteric modulation (brief), irreversible
activation. Biomembranes. Fluid mosaic model of membrane in transport and recognition
of external information (brief). Structural organisation of the cell; light and
electron microscopic views of cell, its organelles and their functions; Nucleus,
mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum. Golgi complex, Lysosomes, microtubules,
cell wall, cilia and flagella, vacuoles, cell inclusions. A general account of cellular
respiration. Fermentation, biological oxidation, mitochondrial electron transport
chain, high energy bonds and oxidative phosphorylation, cell reproduction; Process
of mitosis and meiosis.
Unit 3: Diversity of Life
Introduction. The enormous variety of living things, the need for classification
to cope with this variety; taxonomy and phylogeny; shortcoming of a two kingdom
classification as plants and animals; a five kingdom classification. Monera, Protista,
Plantae, Fungi and Animalia. The basic features of five kingdom classification;
modes of obtaining nutrition—autotrophs and heterotrophs. Life styles: producers,
consumers and decomposers, Unicellularity and multicellularity, phylogenetic relationships.
Concepts of species, taxon and categories-hierachical levels of classification;
binomial nomenlature; principles of classification and nomenclature; identification
and nature of viruses and bacteriophages and organisms. Kingdom Monera—archaebacteria-life
in extreme environments; Bacteria, actinomycetes, Cyanobacteria. Example to illustrate
autotrophic and heterotrophic life style; mineralizer-nitrogen fixers; Monera in
cycling matter; symbiotic forms; disease producers. Kingdom Protista-Eucarytoic
unicellular organisms; development of flagelea and cilia; beginning of mitosis;
syngamy and sex. Various life styles shown in the major phyla. Evolutionary precursors
of complex life forms. Diatoms, dinoflagellates, slime moulds, protozen, symbiotic
forms. Plant kingdom—complex autotrophs, red, brown and green algae; conquest of
land, bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms Vascularization; development
of flower, fruit and seed. Kingdom fungi-lower fungi (Zygomycetes) higher fungi
(Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes); the importance of fungi, Decomposers; parasitic
forms; lichens and mycorrhizae, animal kingdom-animal body pattern and symmetry.
The development of body cavity in invertebrate vertebrate phyla. Salient feature
with reference to habitat and examples of phylum porifera, coelenterata, helminths,
annelids, mollusca, arthropoda, enchinoderms; chordata (classes—fishes, amphibians,
reptiles, birds and mammals) highlighting major characters.
Unit 4: Organism and Environment
Species: Origin and concpet of species, population; interaction between environment
and populations; community. Biotic community, interaction between different species,
biotic stability, changes in the community-succession. Ecosystem; Interaction between
biotic and abiotic components; major ecosystems; manmade ecosystem—Agroecosystem.
Biosphere; flow of energy, trapping of solar energy, energy pathway, food chain,
food web, biogeochemical cycles, calcium and sulphur, ecological imbalance and its
consequences. Conservation of natural resources; renewable and non-renewable (in
brief). Water and land management, wasteland development. Wild life and forest conservation;
causes for the extinction of some wild life, steps taken to conserve the remaining
species, concept of endangered species—Indian examples, conservation of forest;
Indian forests, importance of forests, hazards of deforestation, afforestation.
Environmental pollution, air and water pollution, sources, major pollutants of big
cities of our country, their effects and methods of control, pollution due to nuclear
fallout and waste disposal, effect and control, noise pollution—sources and effects.
Unit 5: Multicellularity : Structure and Function—Plant Life
Form and function. Tissue system in flowering plants; meristematic and permanent.
Minerals nutrition—essential elements, major functions of different elements, passive
and active uptake of minerals, Modes of nutrition, transport of solutes water in
plants, and photosynthesis photo chemical biosynthetic phases, diversity in photosynthetic
path ways; Photosynthetic electron transport and photophosphoryliation, photorespriation.
Transpiration and exchange of gases. Stomatal mechanism. Osmergualation in plants;
water relations in plant cells, water potential, Reproduction and development in
Angiosperm plants; asexual and sexual. Structure and functions of flower; development
of male and female gametophytes in angiosperms, pollination, fertilization and development
of endosperm, embryo, seed and fruit. Differentiation and organ formation. Plant
hormones and growth regulation; action of plant hormones in relation to seed dormancy
and germination, apical dominance. senescence and abscission. Applications of synthetic
growth regulators. A brief account of growth and movement in plants.
Unit 6: Multicelluarity: Structure and Function—Animal Life
Animal tissues, epithelial, connective, muscular, nerve. Animal nutrition; organs
of digestion and digestive process, nutritional requirements for carbohydrates,
proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins:nutritional imbalances and deficiency diseases.
Gas exchange and transport : Pulmonary gas exchange and organs involved, transport
of gases in blood, gas exchange in aqueous media. Circulation:closed and open vascular
systems, structure and pumping action of heart, arterial blood pressure, lymph.
Excretion and osmoregulation. Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, uricotelism, excretion of
water and urea with special reference to man. Role of kidney in regulation of plasma,
osmolarity of mammals, role of hormones as messengers and regulators. Nervous coordination:
central, autonomic and peripheral nervous systems, receptors, effectors, reflex
action, basic physiology of special senses, integrative control by neuroendocirnal
sytems. Locomotion, joints, muscle movements, types of skeletal muscles according
to types of movement, basic aspects of human skeleton. Reproduction; human reproduction,
female reproductive cycles. Embrynoic development in mammals (upto three germ layers).
Unit 7: Continuity of Life
Heredity and variation: Introduction, Mendel's experiments with peas and idea of
factors. Mendel's laws of inheritance. Genes:Packaging of heredity material in prokaryotes—bacterial
chromosome; plasmid and eukaryote chromosomes. Extranuclear genes, viral genes,
linkage (genetic) maps. Sex determination and sex linkage. Genetic material and
its replication. Gene expression; genetic code, transcription, translation, gene
regulation, Molecular basis of differentiation.
Unit 8: Origin and Evolution of Life
Origin of life: Living and non-living, chemical evolution, organic evolution; Oparin
ideas, Miller-Urey experiments. Intererlationship among living organisms and evidence
of evolution:fossil records including geological time scale, Morphological evidence—homology,
vestigial organs, embryological similarities and biogeographical evidence. Darwin
's two major contributions. Common origin of living organisms and recombination
as sources of variability, selection acts upon variation, adapation (Ledergerg's
replica plating experiment for indirect selection of bacterial mutants), reproductive
isolation, specication. Role of selection change and drift in determining compositon
of population. Selected examples : industrial melanism; drug resistance, mimicry,
malaria in realtion to G-6-PD deficiency and sickle cell disease. Mutation-Their
role in speciation. Their orign in speciation, their origin in organisms.
Unit 9: Application of Biology
Biofertilisers—green manure, crop residues and nitrogen fixation (symbiotic, non-symbiotic).
Applications of tissue culture and genetic engineering in crops. Domestication and
introduction of animals. Livestock, poultry, fisheries (fresh water, marine, acqaculture).
Improvement of animals; principles of animal breeding. Major animal diseases and
their control. Insects and their products (silk, honey, wax and lac). Bioenergy,
biomass, wood (combustion, gasification, ethanol). Cow dung-cakes, gobar gas plants
as sources of hydrocarbons for producing petroleum, ethanol from starch and lignocellulose.
Biotechnology, a brief historical account-manufacture of cheese, yoghurt, alcohol,
yeast, vitamins, organic acids, antibiotics, steroids, dextrins. Scaling up laboratory
findings to industrial production. Production of insulin, human growth hormones,
interferon. Communicable diseases including diseases spread through blood transfusion
(hepatitis, AIDS etc) Immune response, vaccines and antisera. Allergies and inflammations.
Inherited diseases and dysfunctions. sex-linked diseases, genetic incompatibilities,
and genetic consulelling. Cancer—major types, causes, diagnosis and treatment. Tissue
and organ transplantation. Industrial wstes, toxicology, pollution-related diseases.
Biomedical engineering-spare parts for man, instrucments for diagnosis of diseases
and care.
Chemistry
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Unit 1: Some Basic concepts
Measurement in chemistry (Precision, significant figures, SI units, Dimensional
analysis). Laws of chemical combination. Atomic Mass, Molecular Mass, mole concept,
Molar Mass, determination of Molecular formula. Chemical equation, stoichiometry
of Chemical reactions.
Unit 2: States of Matter
Gaseous state, measurable properties of gases, Boyle’s Law, Charle’s Law and absolute
scale of temperature, Avogadro’s hypothesis, ideal gas equation, Dalton’s law of
partial pressures.
Kinetic molecular theory of gases (the microscopic model of gas), deviation form
ideal behaviour.
The solid state (classification of solids, X-ray studies of crystal lattices and
unit cells, packing of constituent particles in crystals). Imperfection in solids,
electrical, magnetic and dielectic properties of solids. Liquid state (Properties
of liquids, Vapour pressure, Surface tension, Viscosity).
Unit 3: Atomic Structure
Constituents of the atom (discovery of electron, Rutherford model of the atom).
Electronic structure of atoms – nature of light and electromagnetic waves, atomic
spectra, bohr’s model of hydrogen, shortcomings of the bohr model.
Dual nature of matter and radiation. de-Broglie relation. The uncertainty principle,
Quantum Mechanical Model of the atom, Orbital and Quantum numbers. Shapes of orbitals.
Aufbau principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle, Hund’s Rule, Electronic Configuration
of atoms.
Unit 4: Solutions
Types of solutions, Units of concentration, Vapour-pressure of solutions and Raoult’s
law. Colligative properties. Determination of molecular mass. Non-ideal solutions
and abnormal molecular masses. Volumetric analysis-concentration unit.
Unit 5: Chemical Energetics and Thermodynamics
Energy changes during a chemical reaction, Internal energy and Enthalpy, Internal
energy and Enthalpy changes, Origin of Enthalpy change in a reaction, Hess’s Law
of constant heat summation, numericals based on these concepts. Enthalpies of reactions
(Enthalpy of neutralization, Enthalpy of combustion, Enthalpy of fusion and vaporization).
Sources of energy (conservation of energy sources and identification of alternative
sources, pollution associated with consumption of fuels. The sun as the primary
source).
First law of thermodynamics; Relation between Internal energy and Enthalpy, application
of first law of thermodynamics.
Second law of thermodynamics: Entropy, Gibbs energy, Spontaneity of a chemical reaction,
Gibbs energy change and chemical equilibrium, Gibbs energy available for useful
work.
Unit 6: Chemical Equilibrium
Equilibria involving physical changes (solid-liquid, liquid-gas equilibrium involving
dissolution of solids in liquids, gases in liquids, general characteristics of equilibrium
involving physical processes).
Equilibria involving chemical systems (the law of chemical equilibrium, the magnitude
of the equilibrium constant, numerical problems).
Effect of changing conditions of systems at equilibrium (change of concentration,
change of temperature, effect of catalyst-Le Chateliar’s principle).
Equilibria involving ions -- ionization of electrolytes, weak and strong electrolytes,
acid-base equilibrium, various concepts of acids and bases, ionization of water,
pH scale, solubility product and numericals based on these concepts.
Unit 7: Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry
Oxidation and reduction as an electron transfer concept. Redox reactions in aqueous
solutions-electrochemical cells. EMF of a galvanic cell. Dependence of EMF on concentration
and temperature (NERNST equation and numerical problems based on it). Electrolysis,
Oxidation number (rules for assigning oxidation number, Redox reactions in terms
of oxidation number, nomenclature). Balancing of oxidation-reduction equations.
Electrolytic conduction. Molar conductivity, Kohlrausch’s Law and its applications,
Voltaic cell, Electrode potential and Electromotive force, Gibb’s energy change
and cell potential. Electrode potential and products of electrolysis, Fuel cells,
corrosion and its prevention.
Unit 8: Rates of Chemical Reactions and Chemical Kinetics
Rate of reaction, Instantaneous rate of reaction and order of reaction. Factors
affecting rates of reactions - factors affecting rate of collisions encountered
between the reactant molecules, effect of temperature on the reaction rate, concept
of activation energy, catalyst. Effect of light on rates of reactions. Elementary
reactions as steps to more complex reactions. How fast are chemical reactions?
Rate law expression Order of a reaction (with suitable examples). Units of rates
and specific rate constants. Order of reaction and effect of concentration (study
will be confined to first order only). Temperature dependence of rate constant –
Fast reactions (only elementary idea). Mechanism of reaction (only elementary idea).
Photochemical reactions.
Unit 9: Surface Chemistry
Surfaces: Adsorption – Physical and chemical adsorption, adsorption isotherms
Colloids – Preparation and general properties, Emulsions, Micelles Catalysis: Homogeneous
and heterogeneous, structure of catalyst, Enzymes, Zeolites
Unit 10: Chemical Families – Periodic Properties
Modern periodic law, Types of elements – Representative elements (s & p block),
Transition elements –d-block elements, inner transition elements – f-block elements).
Periodic trends in properties – ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, atomic
radii, valence, periodicity in properties of compounds).
Unit 11: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Chemical bonds and Lewis structure, shapes of molecules (VSEPR theory). Quantum
theory of the covalent bond, hydrogen and some other simple molecules, carbon compounds,
hybridization, Boron and Beryllium compounds.
Coordinate covalent bond, ionic bond as an extreme case of polar covalent bond,
ionic character of molecules and polar molecules. Bonding in solid state ionic,
molecular and covalent solids, metals). Hydrogen bond, Resonance.
Molecules: Molecular orbital. Theory – bond order and magnetic properties of h3,
O2, N2, F2 on the basis of MOT. Hybridisation involving s, p and d orbitals (including
shapes of simple organic molecules), Dipole moment and structure of molecules.
Unit 12: Chemistry of Non-metals – I
Hydrogen ( unique position in periodic table, occurrence, isotopes, properties,
reactions and uses), Hydrides – molecular, soline and interstitial
Oxygen (occurrence, preparation, properties and reactions, uses), simple oxides;
ozone
Water and hydrogen peroxide, structure of water molecule and its aggregates, physical
and chemical properties of water, hard and soft water, water softening, hydrogen
peroxide – preparation, properties, structure and uses.
Nitrogen – Preparation, properties, uses, compounds of Nitrogen – Ammonia, Oxides
of Nitrogen, Nitric Acid – preparation, properties and uses.
Unit 13: Chemistry of Non-Metals – II
Boron – occurrence, isolation, physical and chemical properties, borax and boric
acid, uses of boron and its compounds.
Carbon, inorganic compounds of carbon – oxides, halides, carbides, elemental carbon.
Silicon – occurrence, preparation and properties, oxides and oxyacids of phosphorus,
chemical fertililzers.
Sulphur – occurrence and extraction, properties and reactions, oxides, Sulphuric
acid – preparation, properties and uses, sodium thiosulphate
Halogens – occurrence, preparation, properties, hydrogen halides, uses of halogens.
Noble gases – discovery, occurrence and isolation, physical properties, chemistry
of noble gases and their uses.
Unit 14: Chemistry of lighter Metals
Sodium and Potassium – occurrence and extraction, properties and uses. Important
compounds – NaCl, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, NaOH, KCI, KOH.
Magnesium and calcium – occurrence and extraction, properties and uses. Important
compounds MgCl2, MgSO4, CaO, Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, CaSO4, plaster of Paris , Bleaching
Powder.
Aluminium – occurrence, extraction, properties and uses, compounds – AlCl3, alums.
Cement.
Biological role of Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium and Calcium.
Unit 15: Heavy Metals
Iron – Occurrence and extraction, compounds of iron, oxides, halides, sulphides,
sulphate, alloy and steel.
Copper and silver – occurrence and extraction, properties and uses, compounds –
sulphides, halides and sulphates, photography.
Zinc and Mercury –occurrence and extraction, properties and uses, compounds -oxides,
halides; sulphides and sulphates.
Tin and Lead – occurrence and extraction, properties and uses, compounds – oxides,
sulphides, halides.
Unit 16: Chemistry of Representative Elements
Periodic properties – Trends in groups and periods (a) Oxides-nature (b) Halides-melting
points (c) Carbonates and sulphates – solubility.
The chemistry of s and p block elements, electronic configuration, general characteristic
properties and oxidation states of the following:-
Group 1 elements – Alkali metals Group 2 elements – Alkaline earth metals Group
13 elements – Boron family Group 14 elements – Carbon family Group 15 elements –
Nitrogen family Group 16 elements – Oxygen family Group 17 elements – Halogen family
Group 18 elements – Noble gases and Hydrogen
Unit 17: Transition Metals including Lanthanides
Electronic configuration: General characteristic properties, oxidation states of
transition metals. First row transition metals and general properties of their compounds-oxides,
halides and sulphides.
General properties of second and third row transition elements (Groupwise discussion).
Preparation and reactions, properties and uses of Potassium dichromate and Potassium
permanganate. Inner Transition
Elements: General discussion with special reference to oxidation states and lanthanide
contraction.
Unit 18: Coordination Chemistry and Organo Metallics
Coordination compounds, Nomenclature: Isomerism in coordination compounds; Bonding
in coordination compounds, Werner’s coordination theory. Applications of coordination
compounds.
Unit 19: Nuclear Chemistry
Nature of radiations from radioactive substances. Nuclear reactions; Radioactive
disintegration series; Artificial transmutation of elements; Nuclear fission and
Nuclear fusion: Isotopes and their applications: Radio carbon-dating.
Unit 20: Purification and Characterization of Organic Compounds
Purification (crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction,
chromatography).
Qualitative analysis, detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and halogens.
Quantitative analysis – estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur,
phosphorus (basic principles only).
Determination of molecular mass – Silver salt method, cholroplatinate salt method
Calculation of empirical formula and molecular formula.
Numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis, modern methods of structure
elucidation.
Unit 21: Some Basic Principles
Classification of Organic Compounds. Tetravalency of Carbon. Homologous series.
Functional groups– –C = C –, – C C –, and groups containing halogen, oxygen, nitrogen
and sulphur. General introduction to naming organic compounds – Common names and
IUPAC nomenclature of alphatic, aromatic and Cyclic Compounds. Illustration with
examples of Compounds having not more than three same or different functional groups/atoms.
Isomerism – Structural and stereoisomerism (geometrical and optical). Chirality
– Isomerism in Compounds having one and two chiral Centres. Enantiomers, diastereoisomers,
racemic forms, racemisation & resolution.
Covalent bond fission – Homolytic and Heterolytic : free radicals carbocations and
carbanions. Stability of Carbocations and free-radicals. Electrophiles and Nucleophiles
Electron displacement in a covalent bond – inductive effect, electromeric effect,
resonance.
Common types of organic reactions – Substitution, addition, elimination and rearrangement
reactions. Illustrations with examples.
Unit 22: Hyderocarbons
Classification. Sources of hydrocarbons: Alkanes - General methods of preparation
(from unsatmated hydrocarbons, alkylhalides, aldehydes, ketones and carburoxylic
acids). Physical properties and reactions (Substitution, oxidation and miscellaneous).
Conformations of alkanes(ethane, popane butane) and cyclohexane, sawhorse and Newman
projections) – mechanism of halogaration of alkanes.
Alkanes and Alkynes - General methods of preparation physical properties, Chemical
reactions – Mechanism of electrophilic addition reactions in alkenes – Markowni
Koff’s Rule, peroxide effect. Acidic character of alkynes. Polymerisation of alkenes.
Aromatic hydrocarbons - Benzene and its homologues, Isomerism, Chemical reactions
of bonzene. Structure of bonzene, resonance. Directive influence of substituents.
Petroleum - HydroCarbons from Petroleum, Cracking and reforming, quality of gasoline
– Octane number, gasoline additives.
Unit 23: Organic Compounds Containing Halogens
(Haloalkanes and Haloarenes)
Methods of preparation, physical properties and reactions. Preparation, properties
and uses of Chloroform and Iodoform.
Unit 24: Organic compounds containing Oxygen
General methods of preparation, correlation of physical properties with their structures,
chemical properties and uses of Alchols, polyhydric alcohols, Ethers, aldehydes,
ketones, carboxylic acids and their derivatives, Phenol, Benzaldehyde and Benzoic
acid – their important methods of preparation and reactions. Acidity of carboxylic
acids and phenol effect of substituents on the acidity of carboxylic acids.
Unit 25: Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen
(Cyanides, isocyanides, nitrocompounds and amines) Nomenclature and classification
of amines, cyanides, isocyanides, nitrocompounds and their methods of preparation;
correlation of their physical properties with structure, chemical reactions and
uses – Basicity of amines.
Unit 26: Synthetic and Natural Polymers
Classification of Polymers, natural and synthetic polymers (with stress on their
general methods of preparation) and important uses of the following :
Teflon, PVC, Polystyrene, Nylon-66, terylene, Bakelite
Unit 27: Bio Molecules and Biological Processes
The Cell and Energy Cycle
Carbohydrates : Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides Amino acids and
Peptides – Structure and classification. Proteins and Enzymes – Structure of Proteins,
Role of enzymes. Nucleic Acids – DNA and RNA
Biological functions of Nucleic acids – Protein synthesis and replication Lipids
– Structure, membranes and their functions.
Unit 28: Chemistry in Action
Dyes, Chemicals in medicines (antipyretic, analgesic, antibiotics & tranquilisers),
Rocket propellants. (Structural formulae non-evaluative)
Unit 29: Environmental Chemistry
Environmental pollutants; soil, water and air pollution; major atmospheric pollutants;
acid rain, Ozone and its reactions causing ozone layer depletion, effects of the
depletion of ozone layer, industrial air pollution.
Physics
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Unit 1: Units And Measurement
Units for measurement, system of units – S.I., fundamental and derived units. Dimensions
and their applications.
Unit 2: Description Of Motion In One Dimenstion
Motion in a straight line, uniform and non-uniform motion, their graphical representation.
Uniformly accelerated motion, and its applications.
Unit 3: Description Of Motion In Two And Three Dimensions
Scalars and vectors, vector addition, a real number, zero vector and its properties.
Resolution of vectors. Scalar and vector products, uniform circular motion and its
applications projectile motion.
Unit 4: Laws Of Motion
Force and inertia – Newton ’s Laws of Motion. Conservation of linear momentum and
its applications, rocket propulsion, friction – laws of friction.
Unit 5 Work, Energy And Power
Concept of work, energy and power. Energy – kinetic and potential. Conservation
of energy and its applications, Elastic collisions in one and two dimensions. Different
forms of energy.
Unit 6: Rotational Motion And Moment Of Inertia
Centre of mass of a two-particle system. Centre of mass of a rigid body, general
motion of a rigid body, nature of rotational motion, torque, angular momentum, its
conservation and applications. Moment of Inertia, parallel and perpendicular axes
theorem, expression of moment of inertia for ring, disc and sphere.
Unit 7: Gravitation
Acceleration due to gravity, one and two-dimensional motion under gravity. Universal
law of gravitation, variation in the acceleration due to gravity of the earth. Planetary
motion, Kepler’s laws, artificial satellite – geostationary satellite, gravitational
potential energy near the surface of earth, gravitational potential and escape velocity.
Unit 8: Solids And Fluids
Inter-atomic and Inter-molecular forces, states of matter.
- Solids : Elastic properties, Hook’s law, Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, modulus
of rigidity.
- Liquids : Cohesion and adhesion. Surface energy and surface tension. Flow of fluids,
Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications. Viscosity, Stoke’s Law, terminal velocity.
Unit 9: Oscillations
Periodic motion, simple harmonic motion and its equation of motion, energy in S.H.M.,
Oscillations of a spring and simple pendulum.
Unit 10: Waves
Wave motion, speed of a wave, longitudinal and transverse waves, superposition of
waves, progressive and standing waves, free and forced Oscillations, resonance,
vibration of strings and air-columns, beats, Doppler effect.
Unit 11: Heat And Thermodynamics
Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases and their specific heats, Relationship
between Cp and Cv for gases, first law of thermodynamics, thermodynamic processes.
Second law of thermodynamics, Carnot cycle, efficiency of heat engines.
Unit 12: Transference Of Heat
Modes of transference of heat. Thermal conductivity. Black body radiations, Kirchoff’s
Law, Wien’s law, Stefan’s law of radiation and Newton ’s law of cooling.
Unit 13: Electrostatics
Electric charge – its unit and conservation, Coulomb’s law, dielectric constant,
electric field, lines of force, field due to dipole and its behaviour in a uniform
electric field, electric flux, Gauss’s theorem and its applications. Electric potential,
potential due to a point charge. Conductors and insulators, distribution of charge
on conductors. Capacitance, parallel plate capacitor, combination of capacitors,
energy of capacitor.
Unit 14: Current Electricity
Electric current and its unit, sources of energy, cells- primary and secondary,
grouping of cells resistance of different materials, temperature dependence, specific
resistivity, Ohm’s law, Kirchoff’s law, series and parallel circuits. Wheatstone
Bridge with their applications and potentiometer with their applications.
Unit 15: Thermal And Chemical Effects Of Currents
Heating effects of current, electric power, simple concept of thermo-electricity
– Seeback effect and thermocouple, Chemical effect of current – Faraday’s laws of
electrolysis.
Unit 16: Magnetic Effects Of Currents
Oersted’s experiment, Bio-Savert’s law, magnetic field due to straight wire, circular
loop and solenoid, force on a moving charge in a uniform magnetic field (Lorentz
force), forces and torques on currents in a magnetic field, force between two current
carrying wires, moving coil galvanometer and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
Unit 17: Magnetostatics
Bar magnet, magnetic field, lines of force, torque on a bar magnet in a magnetic
field, earth’s magnetic field, para, dia and ferro magnetism, magnetic induction,
magnetic susceptibility.
Unit 18: Electromagnetic Induction And Alternating Currents
Induced e.m.f., Faraday’s Law, Lenz’s Law, Self and Mutual Inductance, alternating
currents, impedance and reactance, power In a.c. Circuits with L.C. And R Series
Combination, resonant circuits. Transformer and A.C. generator.
Unit 19: Ray Optics
Reflection and refraction of light at plane and curved surfaces, total internal
reflection, optical fibre; deviation and dispersion of light by a prism; Lens formula,
magnification and resolving power; microscope and telescope.
Unit 20: Wave Optics
Wave nature of light; Interference – Young’s double slit experiment. Diffraction
- diffraction due to a single slit. Elementary idea of polarization.
Unit 21: Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics, Electromagnetic wave spectrum from
gamma to radio waves – propagation of EM waves in atmosphere.
Unit 22: Electron And Photons
Charge on an electron, e/m for an electron, photoelectric effect and Einstein’s
equation of photoelectric effect.
Unit 23: Atoms, Molecules And Nuclei
Alpha - particles scattering experiment, Atomic masses, size of the nucleus; radioactivity;
Alpha, beta and gamma particles/ rays and their properties, radioactive decay law,
half life and mean life of radio-active nuclei, binding energy, mass energy relationship,
nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
Unit 24: Solids And Semi-Conductors Devices
Energy bands in solids, conductors, insulators and semi-conductors, pn junction,
diodes, diode as rectifier, transistor action, transistor as an amplifier.
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